National Identity In Chinese Cinema Film Studies Essay

National Identity In Chinese Cinema Film Studies Essay Upon studying cinematic allegory Chinese cinema helps create a national identity through reconstruction of the past. Using Deleuze`s theory of time and space in cinema the deconstruction of space and time with in Chinese cinema and the role of the imagined past create an allegorical film about national identity. Through the film `Hero` directed by Zhang Yimou I will be discussing the role of time and space through and the allegorical meaning of the films through the dissections of particular scenes mentioning cinematic techniques and what eaach scene represents. Firstly we must understand how a Chinese cinema reconstructs a sense of identity. A part from the obvious such as martial arts and traditional costumes the political, historical significance of China is very important in reconstructing the national identity. During the time of ancient China various Dynasties have taken control of China. Each ruling having different ideologies and concepts towards the nation. There were many historical moments that was perceived as inhumane or tyrant like such as the eradication of clans with different ideologies who oppose the dynasties, however in order to successfully tell a historical event and is common in Chinese cinema is to use nostalgia as the primary source to reconstruct history. Most traditional Chinese cinema retell historical events in a artistic and aesthetically pleasing manner and therefore films such as Hero can be analysed allegorically and historically in an essence of the reconstructed identity. The film Hero a Chinese film directed by Zhang Yimou produced in 2002 was an international success. The film stars Jet Li and in terms of authenticity unlike Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon which was produced by Hollywood, the directors were more careful of the language and sequences used in the film. The films main ideology or belief is peace between all factions of mainland China due to the ruling of King Qi. This clichà © use of the theme peace and resonance attributes to the whole notion of allegorical film. In doing research on King Qi and the Zhou dynasty it appears that King Qi outlawed Confucianism to maintain stability in China and killed and buried alive the scholars. This dark moment in history was not really depicted in the film and was definitely not shown in the film as a positive impact. E.g the killing of the clan that specialise in calligraphy; therefore we can get a sense that nostalgia is a strong form of the reconstructed nation. One of the reasons why Mainland Chi na has distributed historical martial arts movie is because of its political discourses that has alienated Chinese culture. Political discourse experienced by China with the Westernization of China and also influence from the Japanese may have lead to the idea of an imagined nation. These Radical political phenomena witnessed around the world may have caused the catalyst for spreading the territories to those engaged in the post colonial struggles of the era (Crofts 1988 pp 385). With the rapidly changing cultural significance and China becoming more open to the world through globalization there was not a wide variety of tradition and culture to work with due to Western and Japanese influences so ultimately China needed to observe the past embracing what Mainland China was once like. For the audience that viewed this movie the political struggles and a lack of exaggerated and artistic historical reflection does not really affect in the way of national identity due to the fact that a lthough idealized audience are able to experience the basic cultural tradition. This idea of playing with politics with in the film works as an allegory for communism and the rebellion against it. King Qi represents the ideology of communism and is very well resembled in the film. For example in the scene where he states that he will unify the character of the sword into one rather than have nineteen different characters. The film does deliver in terms of traditional practices and culture and the cinematography of the film is also a key element in representing the idea of the reconstructed nation. The traditional and rhetorical practices that have been seen throughout history books gave theories a chance to connect memories with a sense of identity (Dickinson 1997: 2). The film definitely captures the notion of memory (the historical events and retelling of the events occured) and connects it with identity (Mainland Chinese culture such as martial arts and calligraphy). With the ext ension of images and sequences of the hyper-real a sense of not being able to forget the past is heavily emphasized. Ever since the film was used as a medium to promote globalization and culture nostalgic values were needed in an attempt to break the stereotyped view of certain ethnicity and also introduce some of the traditions and lives of ancient imperial China. The director Zhang Yimou was obsessed with symmetry with in his films. The scene when Nameless goes into battle with Sky at the temple for playing chess is symmetrical in terms of the architecture. The colours were unified between the background, foreground and costumes. The calligraphy room is also symmetrical and so was the library. This obsession with symmetry and unified colours reflect the reconstructed identity of national Chinese cinema. The sense of the imagined gives the film a very artistic and beautiful personality. Deleuzes theory of the exploration of a network of time and space is evident throughout the film. When Nameless retells the epic battles with the 3 legendary warriors the first battle that Nameless retells contains the complex weaving of time and space. Throughout this scene there are many quick sword battles between Sky and the officers and also Nameless as well. The scene runs for quite some time and throughout the scene sound effects of water droplets consta ntly dropping can be heard. This water droplet sound effect is the key feature in this scene. Firstly when Sky is fighting King Qi`s officials the fast paced sword clinging sounds gives the scene a sense of speed. However by inserting the water droplet sounds constantly the films rhythm is intentionally forced back to the peaceful flowing motion. This juxtaposition of the use of sounds creates the effect of the reconstructed nation as the sense illusion and reality are connected through the droplets of water. The retelling of the story V.S the truth behind the story told. Also the water droplet sound effect acts as the deterrent to keep the real sense of time with in the film. In this scene Nameless and sky imagines their battle with their minds however the water droplet sounds connects the real time with the imagined time acting as the alarm to snap into reality again. The notion of time is explored in this film with the use of slow motion between the fights and the representation of the stories in the past. This complex layering of time with in time creates a sense of duel and parallel sequences of multiple pasts and present to move the story forward. Thus replacing the action image into optical and sound images (Deleuze, 1985 pp 7). The water droplet is there for you to notice but as subtle as the action image is being analysed by the optical. In a Deleuzian sense the theory of neo realism where the use of wires create a natural feeling movement yet defies gravity throughout the battles creates and conquers the optical space within the film and the blending of real time, slow motion and real time for the actual audience is bent into a `u` shape where the illusion seems as reality and the reality seems as the illusion. Both ending in the same conclusion where Nameless becomes the Victor. Also the singing voice in the film represents Skys defeat as the climax of the battle comes near the singing voice acts parallel with Sky as he is struck by Namelesss sword. The voice that is not built within the sound of the shot but an external sound added aafter the filming creates the unifies the film and time. This outer and inner film work is also a manipulative tool to fortell, start and end sequences. The director`s use of colours can be also noticed. During the calligraphy scene the whole scene had a theme of red. Allegorically the scene can be depicted as the last resistance from the movement of communism. The red representing the blood lost from the clan of Zhao and their calligraphy. The Chinese character representing sword is the symbol for the connection between the spirit of the eradicated clan and the swordsmanship or the fighting spirit from the warriors who attempted to protect the clan. At the end of the scene where flying snow and Moon have their battle for revenge against the murder of Broken sword the scene is shot in an area where autumn leaves were falling. This scene is a representation of the final fall and death of the clan and allegorically the resistance against communism and unification which had failed. The red emotionally representing lust and rage also tie in with the scene as betrayal and revenge is a key emotional theme explored in the scene. Flying snow murdering Broken sword for the lust that had been created between him and moon and the rage created from the death of a master. Multiple stories depicting the fall of Broken Sword and Flying snow are each represented by a different colour. The scene that is shot in white where Nameless attempts to convince the warriors to assassinate the King the colour white symbolizes the ideaology of Broken Sword. Near the end of the film Broken Sword reveals that he does not intend to kill the King but to unify the kingdoms for the greatest prosperity. Peace. Broken Sword mentions his answer to the world. `By uniting all under heaven`. The colour white is the representation of Broken Swords philosophy and ironically Broken Sword arch enemy of King Qi was the only one who understood the true intentions of King Qi. The rebellion against the communist regime has now completely disintegrated. However there is a contradiction beteween the use of symmetry and obsession with unification of the colours as it contradicts to the idea of freedom and resistance against communism. The communist ideal is to unify. Like King Qi he states that by eradicating the different characters for one word it will be much easier to comprehend. However the unification and symmetry does not connect to the idea of rebelling against communism. Perhaps this is done purposely to state that the unification process of communism has already spread and the characters involved were fighting an unwinnable battle. While in the topic of national cinema and reconstructing identity it is also interesting to note that hybrid forms of national cinema are beginning to appear in film. Although most of the films are Hollywood directed films and not classified as world cinema such as The last Samurai, Lost in Translation and Babel bring hybrid forms of national identity to the audience. These films introduce traditional and contemporary forms of culture to the audience. For example in Lost in Translation a contemporary, modern day structure where pop culture is heavily introduced such as Karaoke bars, bright neon lights at night etc. This reference to pop culture and how life in Japan is illustrated would be a more accurate form of national identity. This is because it illustrates contemporary culture and practices and the audience will gain a deeper engagement through the viewing and the practices and the display of a different culture is much more accurate unlike nostalgic films of the past. The reco nstruction of national identity is therefore a more artistic representation which means a realistic form of national identity are rather woven in through the use of cinematic allegory and cinematic techniques. These new hybrid forms of cultural diversity in film is the new era in sustaining the essence of national identity. Thus it should be stressed that since national cinema attempts to promote the culture of one nation by reconstructing it making it appealing to the audience and in doing so it deliberately hides or bends parts of historical evidence. The national discourses and history has shaped the national state into what it is and perhaps that is the main reason why national cinema has become the subject of narcissism as history hides the true self of a nation only portraying the viewers with knowledge and fragments of history as evidence. As nations tend to be ideological constructions, it leads to nations bending and erasing the history that may have a negative impact. (Hay ward 2000: 89). In conclusion the film Hero works as an allegorical film because of the political statements and issues are brought forward with the use of cinematic techniques such as colour, unification and symmetry. In a Deleusian sense the sequences of flashbacks (with different perspectives of the story) the complex layering of time to drive the sequence in a forward motion can be directly tied to the cinematic allegory as the representation of the rise of communism using different time spectrum to reveal the symbolism for communism. The two theories creates a network of complex yet unique insight into the film and therefore the film becomes a reconstructed identity.

Study case of High Rate of dropouts in highschool

I. Introduction A. Background of the study Drop out is defined as learning without a diploma and not completing its year course in the school. It’s been known for years that children who do not achieve a school diploma face many more problems later in life than people who graduated. They are more likely to be unemployed lived in extreme poverty and achieved poor health. B. Statement of the problemLas Pià ±as National High School failed to the lowest possible rate of dropout students. Based on the rate profile of the school, there are several factors and reasons that affect the students in the community. C. Significance of the storyThis study aims to know the reasons of the students why they leave school and scoping out ways to resolve the problems stated in our full puissance. There are existing ordinance that may help to solve the issue. There are existing ordinance that may help to solve the issue such as: Education For All (EFA) – is a vision and a holistic program of reforms that aims at improving the quality of basic education for every Filipino by the yearD. Scope and delimitation of the study This research focuses only on the reasons why students were dropped out and is limited beyond any other fields.II. Body Based on the rate profile of Las Pià ±as National High School, there are several factors and reason that affect the students in the community. Lack of Parent Engagement- it is one of the reasons why students choose to dropout because they want their parent’s attention but because their parents are busy to their work they can’t give their full attention to them. And their child will not see the purpose of staying in or doing well in school.Poor Academic Performance- because students are being lazy, lazy in studying their lessons and being lazy to take down notes that leads to their poor academic performance. Financial- it is the most common problem why students choose to dropout because their parents can’t suppor t them for their needs in school. And because of that they would rather to work to supply for their needs. Personal Problems- here are the common issues involve:Teenage Pregnancy- because they can’t go to school with their pregnancy being obvious and the school can’t tolerate their deeds. Bullying- one of the most serious problem of the students because of the fear that they might get hurt physically and mentally that caused trauma to them. The high rate of the dropouts affects the image the school in such a way that even if they rank first in the National Achievement Test the teachers get less appraisal than what they supposed to have.Unlike to the school like Las Pià ±as Science High School they got the full amount of appraisal because they don’t have any records of dropout. And to take action the Guidance services of Las Pià ±as National High School make away to lessen the number of dropouts; encouragement, community linkages, ALS, Open High, PEP Test and c lose monitoring of students.

Top Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Tips!

Top Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Tips! Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Ability to cope with conflict Conflict is a truth of life. To be effective, have a risk and be eager to find out what the consequences of your decisions are. The essay outline changes in line with the respective circumstances and conditions. Reveal evidence following your thesis statement presentation. The business thinks that the collaboration enables the enterprise to carry out well. Business excellence is something which every business whether it's little and privately owned or a worldwide corporation struggles to reach. When it has to do with the procedures in businesses, not all them are as effective or fluid as some businesses want to believe. To grow your organization, you've got to grow yourself. Complete excellent management that's also referred to as management of quality can be defined as the practice of overseeing tasks in addition to the activities in order to sustain the necessary level of quality, standards or excellence. Money is less inclined to materialize below this mental and emotional dynamic. A History of Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Refuted It is possible to present these things separately through the use of various paragraphs. Their choice meant I had attained the 1 goal which I yearned. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions offered to you. Be precise with the goal of your writing. Though your opportunities attending your top choice are higher in case you apply early, acceptance is not ever a sure thing. When you could be self-respecting, you make the commitment to be at the peak of your game. There are many approaches a Catholic school leader may take to invest in the very best. The superb leader heavily draws from the advice that, if it might be worth doing, it's well worth doing right. An academic letter isn't just a document that can showcase your mastery when it has to do with a specific academic subject. Everything they do is a success, since they don't observe the results they're getting as failure. If you've discovered yourself starting something and never finishing it, start looking into getting aA coach, orA mentorA to assist you stay on course. Even those students with wonderful ambitions aren't an exception here. The One Thing to Do for Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Leadership can show itself in various forms and span a number of industries. Excellence starts with leaders of nice and robust character who engage in the whole process of leadership. Business leaders should have a crystal clear view of what growth means to their personal businesses. Service excellence leaders stick out in the industry with the addition o f value to each project they take on. You might be asked to compose an NHS essay before joining to demonstrate that you're eligible to join a prestigious organization. Effective leaders envision the things that they want and the way to receive it. Resourcing within this context can be utilized to mean the manipulation that's accomplished by the management to the workers or workers and other resources in the organization that are key in inventing a strategy to of accomplishing the desired organizational objectives and objectives. New Step by Step Roadmap for Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Since academic essays are popular in the business of education and research, you should be certain your writing is both logical, interesting and informative. An academic essay always must be relevant. Your academic essay should evoke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other types of responses. Always keep in mind that it should be playful it must not bore your audience. How to Find Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples To put it simply, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities you've executed so you can support the content of your written output. Also know about how your own life was shaped by the many academic and societal positions you occupy. Proper people strategies concentrate on the appropriate combination and kind of people and the degree of performance necessary to be successful. There are difference contexts that could be used within the exact same subject so that you must make certain that you will be clear in regards to identifying the section of the topic that you're going to chat about. Commitment enables us to keep up a high level of perseverance. It is a factor that decides the future of a person. True commitment indicates the means of success. The Ugly Secret of Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples The exact same situation takes place when college students start taking the i nitial measures in academic writing. Anyway, it provides the student the chance to elaborate on the program of his pick. Therefore, students should concentrate on the principal points rather than generalizing on all of the info. Moreover, the students aren't supposed to compose their resume in paragraph form. The Good, the Bad and Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples Nonetheless, done correctly, the individual's whole life will depend on such a choice made. Developing a culture of Equality isn't only the perfect action to do, it's also the wise thing. Such people aren't bothered should they make a huge number of mistakes in their work. It's something people face every single day.

Machiavelli And Socrates - 1840 Words

Although both are considered some of the greatest political and philosophical thinkers of their respective times, Socrates and Niccolà ³ Machiavelli had very different methods and beliefs of how a political system should be run. The mindset of Socrates can be seen in the works Apology and Crito by Plato. Socrates, who values wisdom and justice over power and prestige, would view Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince very contradicting to how he believes a good life should be lived. In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli details how a prince should rule and maintain power. Socrates would not be supportive of Machiavelli and his Prince’s political system because it is rooted in unethical behaviors. Machiavelli views these actions as virtues†¦show more content†¦To Machiavelli, the true virtues of a prince should be stinginess, cruelty, and manipulation. He takes traditional Christian virtues, which most see as good, and criticizes them, saying they are vices and hurtf ul to a prince. Socrates’ ideal Prince is much different than that of Machiavelli. Socrates found great power in his analysis of Athens, rather than direct involvement. Through questioning, reason, and critical analysis he attempts to instill wisdom, truth and virtue in Athens, specifically in the youth. He was charged with corrupting the youth because his idea of how life should be lived was much different than that of the states. Socrates corrupted the youth of Athens because he degenerated or undeveloped them from becoming strong political, economic, and military leaders. The people of Athens, in particular the wealthy and powerful, wanted their children to be educated in ideals that Machiavelli would support. It was the job for these privileged youth to learn how to be strong leaders so the city could run smoothly in the future and Socrates was undermining this structure. If the youth Socrates was teaching were treated as a counterpart to Machiavelli’s Prince, a difference in ideal s and teachings can be found. Machiavelli teaches his Prince how to maintain power at all costs, while Socrates teaches his students to put aside the concept of materialistic power such as wealth andShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Machiavelli1681 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates, in his early works, maintained a steadfast distance from involvement in politics, making a comparison or evaluation of a political system in his persona technically impossible. To claim that Socrates would or would not be supportive of any political system might then seem irresponsible, a presumptuous analysis not fitting for an academic recognizing the false equivalence between Socrates’ philosophy and Machiavelli’s political ethics. The strategy to conduct any sort of liable and validRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1579 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates Niccolo Machiavelli and Socrates both lived during turbulent, political times. Machiavelli in Florence, Italy and Socrates in Athens. Machiavelli’s The Prince outlines the necessary features and traits of a sovereign, primarily, a Prince. It served as a handbook to effective rulership in the 16th century. By analyzing Machiavelli’s belief that a prince should be strategically feared, the role of free will , and the role of the people , I will argue that Machiavelli hasRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates896 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates are two of the most prominent philosophers of history. Each men are characterized by developing distinct schools of thought regarding individual rights and statehood. Machiavelli’s The Prince is a manual for rulers: lessons based on empirical observations of history. In The Apology written by Plato, Socrates delivers a justification to an Athenian court. It is notRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1860 Words   |  8 PagesPolitical Theorists: Moralities and Wisdom Political theorists, Socrates and Machiavelli, each provide their own ideas and philosophies for political structure that are still being discussed today. In Plato’s writings of â€Å"Apology† and â€Å"Crito†, he defines Socrates as man of wisdom and humbleness as he goes through trial and death of a crime he did not commit. Machiavelli’s writing of â€Å"The Prince† was written as a way to advise a Prince on how to achieve the greatest success as a ruler. These twoRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1660 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Socrates and Machiavelli are as polarized as the phrases â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and â€Å"the ends justify the means.† The Prince by Machiavelli and The Last Days of Socrates by Plato are both crucial texts to the discussion of what makes a good political leader. Well, what makes a good political leader? Socrates would disagree with Machiavelli’s ideation of the Prince becau se of the immorality that he allows this model to have in the public sphere. However, Socrates would findRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1713 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates and Niccolà ² Machiavelli were both political philosophers who lived through corruption, violence, and political restlessness. These circumstances prompted them to develop their own solutions for their respective societies. This included the creation of a stable political system with a strong and effective leader through the examination of the faults of said societies. To Machiavelli, this leader is known as the â€Å"Prince.† He believes that the Prince should be pragmatic in his actions, andRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli1961 Words   |  8 PagesWhat would Socrates think of Machiavelli’s political world? Socrates and Machiavelli were some of the most influential political philosophers in their respective times. Some argue that their view of empowering individuals, whether it be through free speech or ruthless fighting, are quite similar. However, their views of leadership and government do not align. Socrates’ support for free expression and due process makes his view of effective governance far different from Machiavelli’s focus on nationalRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli2009 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates and Machiavelli are both very influential philosophers and two of the great minds of their time. However, both of these men had their own separate ideas that did not completely agree with one another. Machiavelli was born into a Renaissance time period of fragmented politics, lots of bloodshed, and angry citizens while Socrates grew up in a time of political adjustment and instability in Athens. Machiavelli constructed The Prince as a political pamphlet to his frie nd Lorenzo de MediciRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1976 Words   |  8 Pagesand turmoil, both Socrates and Machiavelli use philosophy to evaluate people and politics. After seeing corruption, fragmentation and death, both philosophers developed different views. Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince includes strong stances on morality and religion. Socrates would be likely to agree on the general ideas that Machiavelli believes a Prince should have but he would differ mainly in how they should be executed. I believe that Socrates would agree with Machiavelli that there needs toRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli Analysis936 Words   |  4 Pages Socrates instilled value in living life as it ought to be and ingrained the pursuit of truth into all of his actions. He relished living as a gadfly to the state; arousing thoughts in others as a means to bring them to higher points of understanding and critical examination, which they then were to apply to their own society. He wanted people to live lives as they ought to live them and for the state to be a reflection of that aim. The leader advocated by Machiavelli, The Prince, is far more authoritarian